Chemical, bacteriological, and toxicological properties of cyanuric acid and chlorinated isocyanurates as applied to swimming pool disinfection: a review.
نویسنده
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Interference in Melamine–based Determination of Cyanuric Acid Concentration
Isocyanuric acid (commonly referred to in the swimming pool/spa industry as cyanuric acid, stabilizer, conditioner, CYA, etc., and referred to simply as cyanuric acid in this paper) is a member of the symmetrical triazine family, and it is used in outdoor swimming pools and spas to protect chlorine against loss from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Depending on factors such as season and cli...
متن کاملAn evaluation of the inhibitory influence of cyanuric acid upon swimming pool disinfection.
ADEQUATE protection of swimming pool waters has been of paramount importance for many years to health officials who are charged with responsibility for the safety and health of the public. The use of the chlorine compounds or of chlorine gas has been written into practically every regulation concerned with the disinfection of drinking water. The limitations of chlorine for swimming pool water t...
متن کاملThe effect of cyanuric acid on the disinfection rate of Cryptosporidium parvum in 20-ppm free chlorine.
Cyanuric acid is used to stabilize free chlorine to reduce photodegradation in outdoor swimming pools. While there have been numerous studies examining its effect on the disinfection rates of bacteria and viruses, it is not known whether cyanuric acid can significantly impact the effectiveness of hyperchlorination for inactivating Cryptosporidium oocysts present in fecally-contaminated swimming...
متن کاملA review of toxicology studies on cyanurate and its chlorinated derivatives.
Chlorinated cyanurates are added to swimming pools as disinfectants. In the presence of water, these materials hydrolyze to yield cyanurate and hypochlorous acid. To evaluate the safety of exposure to these materials, a comprehensive testing program was undertaken. This review summarizes the results of acute and subchronic tests on chlorinated isocyanurates. Findings from acute, subchronic, rep...
متن کاملSilica Gel for Enhanced Activity and Hypochlorite Protection of Cyanuric Acid Hydrolase in Recombinant Escherichia coli
UNLABELLED Chlorinated isocyanuric acids are widely used water disinfectants that generate hypochlorite, but with repeated application, they build up cyanuric acid (CYA) that must be removed to maintain disinfection. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-treated Escherichia coli cells expressing cyanuric acid hydrolase (CAH) from Moorella thermoacetica exhibited significantly high CYA degradatio...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- American journal of public health
دوره 64 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1974